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Inside the historical Sutter's Fort. Main building housing John Sutter's offices. (2009) first arrived in the area on August 13, 1839, at the divergence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of 50,000 acres. The next year, he and his party established Sutter's Fort, a massive adobe structure with walls eighteen feet high and three feet thick.

Representing Mexico, Sutter Sr. Called his colony New Helvetia, a Swiss inspired name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers headed west. Within just a few short years, Sutter Sr. Had become a grand success, owning a ten-acre orchard and a herd of thirteen thousand cattle. Fort Sutter became a regular stop for the increasing number of immigrants coming through the valley. In 1847 Sutter Sr.

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Received 2,000 fruit trees, which started the agriculture industry in the Sacramento Valley. Later that same year, Sutter Sr. Hired James Marshall to build a sawmill so that he could continue to expand his empire, however, unbeknownst to many, Sutter Sr.' S 'empire' had been built on some very thin margins of credit. From New Helvetia to 'Sacramento City' [ ]. Sacramento in 1849 In 1848, when gold was discovered by at in (located some 50 miles (80.5 km) northeast of the fort), a large number of gold-seekers came to the area, increasing the population.

In August 1848 Sutter Sr.' S son, arrived in the area to assist his father in relieving his indebtedness. Now compounding the problem of his father's indebtedness, was the additional strain placed on the Sutters by the ongoing arrival of thousands of new gold miners and prospectors in the area, many quite content to squat on unwatched portions of the vast Sutter lands, or to abscond with various unattended Sutter properties or belongings if they could. In Sutter's case, rather than being a 'boon' for Sutter, his employee's discovery of gold in the area turned out to be more of a personal 'bane' for him. By December 1848, John Sutter Jr., in association with, began laying out the City of Sacramento, 2 miles south of his father's settlement of New Helvetia. This venture was undertaken against the wishes of Sutter Sr., however the father, being deeply in debt, was in no position to stop the venture.

For commercial reasons the new city was named 'Sacramento City,' after the. And Brannon hired topographical engineer William H. Warner to draft the official layout of the city, which included 26 lettered and 31 numbered streets (today's grid from C St. To Broadway and from Front St. To Alhambra Blvd.).

Unfortunately, a certain bitterness grew between the elder Sutter and his as Sacramento became an overnight commercial success (Sutter's Fort, Mill and the town of, all founded by, would eventually fail). The citizens of Sacramento adopted a city charter in 1849, which was recognized by the state legislature in 1850.

Sacramento is the oldest city in California, incorporated on February 27, 1850. During the early 1850s, the Sacramento valley was devastated by floods, fires and cholera epidemics. Despite this, because of its position just downstream from the in the, the new city grew, quickly reaching a population of 10,000. Remnants of downtown Sacramento's Chinatown [ ]. At Sacramento's Chinatown Mall Throughout the early 1840s and 1850s, China was at war with Great Britain and France in the and. The wars, along with endemic poverty in China, helped drive many to America.

Many first came to San Francisco, which was then the largest city in California, which was known as 'Dai Fow' (The Big City) and some came eventually to Sacramento (then the second-largest city in California), which is known as 'Yee Fow' (Second City). Many of these immigrants came in hope of a better life as well as the possibility of finding gold in the foothills east of Sacramento. Sacramento's was located on 'I' Street from Second to Sixth Streets.

At the time, this area of 'I' Street was considered a health hazard because - lying within a levee zone - it was lower than other parts of the city, which were situated on higher land. Throughout Sacramento's Chinatown history, there were fires, acts of discrimination, and prejudicial legislation such as the that was not repealed until 1943. The mysterious fires were thought to be set off by those who did not take a liking to the Chinese working class. Ordinances on what was viable building material were set into place to try to get the Chinese to move out. Newspapers such as wrote stories at the time that portrayed the Chinese in an unfavorable light to inspire ethnic discrimination and drive the Chinese away. As the years passed, a railroad was created over parts of the Chinatown, and further politics and laws would make it even harder for Chinese workers to sustain a living in Sacramento.

While the east side of the country fought for higher wages and fewer working hours, many cities in the western United States wanted the Chinese out because of the belief that they were stealing jobs from the white working class. The Chinese remained resilient despite these efforts. They built their buildings out of bricks just as the building guidelines were established.

They helped build part of the railroads that span the city as well as made a great contribution to the transcontinental railroad that spans the United States. They also helped build the levees within Sacramento and its surrounding cities.

As a result, the Chinese are a well-recognized part of Sacramento's history and heritage. While most of Sacramento's Chinatown has now been razed, a small Chinatown mall remains as well as a museum dedicated to the history of Sacramento's Chinatown and the contributions Chinese Americans have made to the city.

Amtrak sits along what was part of Sacramento's Chinatown 'I' Street. Capital city [ ]. California's State Capitol Building The, with the support of Governor, moved to Sacramento in 1854. The capital of California under Spanish (and, subsequently, Mexican) rule had been, where in 1849 the first Constitutional Convention and state elections were held. The convention decided that would be the new state's capital.

After 1850, when California's statehood was ratified, the legislature met in San Jose until 1851, in 1852, and in 1853, before moving to Sacramento. In the 1879 Constitutional Convention, Sacramento was named to be the permanent state capital. Begun in 1860 to be reminiscent of the in Washington, D.C., the style was completed in 1874. In 1861, the legislative session was moved to the Merchants Exchange Building in San Francisco for one session because of massive flooding in Sacramento. The legislative chambers were first occupied in 1869 while construction continued. From 1862 to 1868, part of the was used for the governor's offices during Stanford's tenure as the Governor; and the legislature met in the Sacramento County Courthouse. The, built in 1935, a popular landmark With its new status and strategic location, Sacramento quickly prospered and became the western end of the.

Later it became a terminus of the, which began construction in Sacramento in 1863 and was financed by '—,,, and. In 1850 and again in 1861, Sacramento citizens were faced with a completely flooded town. After the devastating 1850 flood, Sacramento experienced a cholera epidemic and a flu epidemic, which crippled the town for several years. In 1861, Governor Leland Stanford, who was inaugurated in early January 1861, had to attend his inauguration in a rowboat, which was not too far from his house in town on N street.

The flood waters were so bad, the legend says, that when he returned to his house, he had to enter into it through the second floor window. From 1862 until the mid-1870s Sacramento raised the level of its downtown by building reinforced brick walls on its downtown streets, and filling the resulting street walls with dirt. Thus the previous first floors of buildings became the, with open space between the street and the building, previously the sidewalk, now at the basement level. Most property owners used screw jacks to raise their buildings to the new grade. The sidewalks were covered, initially by wooden sidewalks, then brick barrel vaults, and eventually replaced by concrete sidewalks. Over the years, many of these underground spaces have been filled or destroyed by subsequent development.

However, it is still possible to view portions of the '. The same rivers that earlier brought death and destruction began to provide increasing levels of transportation and commerce.

Both the American and especially Sacramento rivers would be key elements in the economic success of the city. In fact, Sacramento effectively controlled commerce on these rivers, and public works projects were funded though taxes levied on goods unloaded from boats and loaded onto rail cars in the historic. Now both rivers are used extensively for. The American River is a 5-mph (8-km/h) waterway for all power boats (including jet-ski and similar craft) (Source Sacramento County Parks & Recreation) and has become an international attraction for and kayaking. The Sacramento River sees many boaters, who can make day trips to nearby sloughs or continue along the Delta to the and San Francisco. The Delta King, a which for eighteen months lay on the bottom of the San Francisco Bay, was refurbished and now boasts a hotel, a restaurant, and two different theaters for nightlife along the Old Sacramento riverfront. The modern era [ ].

The city's current charter was adopted by voters in 1920. As a, Sacramento is exempt from many laws and regulations passed by the. The city has expanded continuously over the years. The 1964 merger of the City of with Sacramento substantially increased its population, and large annexations of the area eventually led to significant population growth throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Sacramento County (along with a portion of adjacent ) is served by a customer-owned electric utility, the (SMUD).

Sacramento voters approved the creation of SMUD in 1923. In April 1946, after 12 years of litigation, a judge ordered to transfer title of Sacramento's electric distribution system to SMUD. Today SMUD is the sixth-largest public electric utility in the U.S., and is a leader for innovative programs and services, including the development of clean fuel resources, such as. The year following the creation of SMUD, 1924, brought several events in Sacramento: executive Verne McGeorge established, American opened a new store at 12th and K street, the US$2 million was open, Sacramento's drinking water became filtered and treated drinking water, and Sacramento boxer Georgie Lee fought, a professional known as Pancho Villa, at L Street Auditorium on March 21. Barracks set up for families of Japanese ancestry at the Sacramento Assembly Center.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Early in World War II, the Sacramento Assembly Center (also known as the Walerga Assembly Center) was established to house Japanese Americans under. The camp was one of fifteen temporary detention facilities where over 110,000, two-thirds of them U.S. Citizens, were held while construction on the more permanent camps was completed. The assembly center was built on the site of a former migrant labor camp, and inmates began arriving from Sacramento and San Joaquin Counties on May 6, 1942. It closed after only 52 days, on June 26, and the population of 4,739 was transferred to the concentration camp. The site was then turned over to the Army Signal Corps and dedicated as.

After the war and the end of the incarceration program, returning Japanese Americans were often unable to find housing and so 234 families temporarily lived at the former assembly center. Camp Kohler was destroyed by a fire in December 1947, and the assembly center site is now part of the Foothill Farms-North Highlands subdivision.

The Sacramento-Yolo Port District was created in 1947, and ground was broken on the Port of Sacramento in 1949. On June 29, 1963, with 5,000 spectators waiting to welcome her, the Motor Vessel Taipei Victory arrived. The port was open for business. The flagship, freshly painted for the historic event, was loaded with 5,000 tons of bagged rice for Mitsui Trading Co.

Bound for and 1,000 tons of logs for Japan. She was the first ocean-going vessel in Sacramento since the steamship Harpoon in 1934. The has been plagued with operating losses in recent years and faces bankruptcy. This severe loss in business is due to the heavy competition from the, which has a larger facility and a deeper channel. As of 2006, the city of took responsibility for the Port of Sacramento. During the era, the Port of Sacramento was the major terminus in the supply route for all military parts, hardware and other cargo going into Southeast Asia.

West America Bank Building In 1967, became the last to live permanently in the city. A new executive mansion, constructed by private funds in a Sacramento suburb for Reagan, remained vacant for nearly forty years and was recently sold by the state. The 1980s and 1990s saw the closure of several local military bases:,, and Sacramento Army Depot.

In 1980, there was another flood. The flood's damage affected the 'boat section' of. The culmination of a series of storms as well as a faulty valve are believed to have caused this damage. Aerial view of the city of Sacramento California, showing the geography of the surrounding area. According to the, the city covers an area of 100.1 square miles (259 km 2), 97.81% of it land, and 2.19% of it water. Depth to groundwater is typically about 30 feet (9 m).

Much of the land to the west of the city (in ) is permanently reserved for a vast flood control basin (the ), due to the city's historical vulnerability to floods. As a result, the greater metropolitan area sprawls only four miles (6 km) west of downtown (as ) but 30 miles (48 km) northeast and east, into the foothills, and 10 miles (16 km) to the south into valley farmland. The city is located at the confluence of the and the, and has a deep-water port connected to the by a channel through the. It is the shipping and rail center for the. Food processing is among the major industries in the area. Cityscape [ ].

Sacramento, California by drone City neighborhoods [ ] The city groups most of its neighborhoods into four areas: Area one (central/eastern) [ ] Alkali Flat,, Campus Commons,, Dos Rios Triangle,,, Fab Forties, Mansion Flats, Marshall School,,, McKinley Village, Newton Booth,, Poverty Ridge, Richards, Richmond Grove, River Park, Elmhurst,,. Area two (southwestern) [ ] Airport, Carleton Tract, Freeport Manor, Golf Course Terrace,, Curtis Park, Hollywood Park,, Little Pocket, Mangan Park,, Parkway,,,, Valley Hi / North Laguna, Z'Berg Park. Area three (southeastern) [ ],,,,,,,,, Fairgrounds,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Tallac Village, Vintage Park, Churchill Downs, and Woodbine. Area four (north of the American River) [ ],, Gardenland, Hagginwood, McClellan Heights West, (north, south, west),, Northgate,, Swanston Estates, Terrace Manor,, and Woodlake.

Map of racial distribution in Sacramento, 2010 U.S. Each dot is 25 people: White, Black, Asian, Hispanic or Other (yellow) 2010 [ ] The reported that Sacramento had a population of 466,488. The population density was 4,660.0 people per square mile (1,799.2/km²). The racial makeup of Sacramento was: • 210,006 (45.0%) • 68,335 (14.6%) • 85,503 (17.8%) (4.2% Chinese, 3.3% Hmong, 2.8% Filipino, 1.6% Indian, 1.4% Vietnamese, 1.2% Laotian, 1.2% Japanese, 0.3% Pakistani, 0.3% Korean, 0.3% Thai, 0.2% Cambodian) • 6,655 (1.4%) (0.6% Fijian, 0.2% Tongan, 0.2% Samoan) • 5,291 (1.1%) • 57,573 (12.3%) • 33,125 (7.1%) from two or more races. Or of any race were 125,276 persons (26.9%); 22.6% of Sacramento's population is of Mexican heritage, 0.7% Puerto Rican, 0.5% Salvadoran, 0.2% Guatemalan, and 0.2% Nicaraguan.

Were 34.5% of the population in 2010, down from 71.4% in 1970. The Census reported that 458,174 people (98.2% of the population) lived in households, 4,268 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,046 (0.9%) were institutionalized. Also, with the recent housing crash there have been no changes to these numbers. There were 174,624 households, out of which 57,870 (33.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 65,556 (37.5%) were living together, 27,640 (15.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 10,534 (6.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 13,234 (7.6%), and 2,498 (1.4%). 53,342 households (30.5%) were made up of individuals and 14,926 (8.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The average household size was 2.62. There were 103,730 (59.4% of all households); the average family size was 3. Low Speed Wind Tunnel Testing Barlow Pdf Editor. 37. Sacramento has one of the highest LGBT populations per capita, ranking seventh among major American cities, and third in California behind San Francisco and slightly behind Oakland, with roughly 10% of the city's total population identifying themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

The age distribution of the city was follows: 116,121 people (24.9%) were under the age of 18, 52,438 people (11.2%) aged 18 to 24, 139,093 people (29.8%) aged 25 to 44, 109,416 people (23.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 49,420 people (10.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.0 years.

For every 100 females there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males. There were 190,911 housing units at an average density of 1,907.1 per square mile (736.3/km²), of which 86,271 (49.4%) were owner-occupied, and 88,353 (50.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.8%; the rental vacancy rate was 8.3%. 231,593 people (49.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 226,581 people (48.6%) lived in rental housing units. The Roman Catholic in Cathedral Square, downtown. As of the census of 2000, there are 407,018 people, 154,581 households, and 91,202 families residing in the city.

The population density is 4,189.2 people per square mile (1,617.4/km²). There are 163,957 housing units at an average density of 1,687.5 per square mile (651.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 41.1%, 19.5%, 1.3%, 12.6%, 0.9%, 11.0% from, and 6.4% from two or more races. 21.6% of the population are or of any race. There are 154,581 households out of which 30.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.4% are married couples living together, 15.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% are non-families. 32.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older.

The average household size is 2.57 and the average family size is 3.35. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 27.3% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 20.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females there are 94.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.0 males.

The median for a household in the city is $37,049, and the median income for a family is $42,051. Males have a median income of $35,946 versus $31,318 for females. The per capita income for the city is $18,721.

20.0% of the population and 15.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 29.5% of those under the age of 18 and 9.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Economy [ ],,,, and are among the companies based in Sacramento. Top employers [ ] As of 2012, the top employers in the County of Sacramento were: # Employer Employees 1 69,763 2 11,450 3 7,725 4 / 7,069 5 6,633 6 6,360 7 5,765 8 5,021 9 5,000 10 4,700 11 City of Sacramento 4,083 Culture and arts [ ]. The Big Four Building in Old Sacramento Old Sacramento [ ] The oldest part of the town besides is, which consists of cobbled streets and many historic buildings, several from the 1850s and 1860s.

Buildings have been preserved, restored or reconstructed, and the district is now a substantial tourist attraction, with rides on steam-hauled historic trains and horse-drawn carriages. The historic buildings include the Lady Adams Building, built by the passengers and ship's carpenters of the ship Lady Adams. Having survived the Great Conflagration of November 1852, it is the oldest surviving building in Sacramento other than Sutter's Fort. Reconstruction of California's first permanent theatre, the Another surviving landmark is the B.F. Hastings building, built in 1853. Early home of the California Supreme Court and the location of the office of, it also was the western terminus of the.

The 'Big Four Building', built in 1852, was home to the offices of,,, and. The and were founded there. The original building was destroyed in 1963 for the construction of Interstate 5, but was re-created using original elements in 1965. Also of historic interest is the, a reconstruction of California's first permanent theatre in its original location. Theater arts [ ]. The Community Center Theatre (foreground) There are several major theatre venues for Sacramento. The governs both the and.

The is the most recent addition in 2003. It is built atop the old Music Circus tent foundations. Next to that is the McClatchy Main stage, originally built as a television studio, which was renovated at the same time the pavilion was built.

It is the smaller of the venues and provides seating for only 300. The, and the Sacramento Opera perform at the Community Center Theater. Professional theatre is represented in Sacramento by a number of companies. And its,, lure many directors, performers, and artists from New York and Los Angeles to work alongside a large local staff for their productions at the. The Wells Fargo Pavilion, Sacramento Theatre Company and Music Circus During the fall, winter and spring seasons Broadway Sacramento brings bus and truck tours to the Community Center Theater. At the, smaller and more intimate professional productions are performed as well as a children's theatre that will soon be opening a larger theatre complex in the heart of midtown in 2014. Rounding out the professional companies is Capital Stage, which performed aboard the Delta King until the end of the 2010–2011 season and soon took up residence at its own venue along the J-Street corridor.

The Sacramento area has one of the largest collection of community theatres in California. Some of these include the Thistle Dew Dessert Theatre and Playwrights Workshop, Davis Musical Theatre Co., El Dorado Musical Theatre, Runaway Stage Productions, River City Theatre Company, Flying Monkey Productions, The Actor's Theatre, KOLT Run Productions, Kookaburra Productions, Big Idea Theatre, Celebration Arts, Lambda Player, Light Opera Theatre of Sacramento, Synergy Stage and the historic Eagle Theatre. The provides entertainment under the stars every summer in William Land Park. Many of these theatres compete annually for the Elly Awards overseen by The Sacramento Area Regional Theatre Alliance or SARTA. Visual arts [ ] The is an organization which was established as the Sacramento in 1977 to provide several arts programs for the city. These include Art in Public Places, Arts Education, Grants and Cultural Programs, Poet Laureate Program, Arts Stabilization Programs and Other Resources and opportunities. Sacramento Second Saturday Art Walk is a program of local art galleries that stay open into the late evenings every second Saturday of each month, providing a unique experience for the local population as well as tourists to view original art and meet the artists themselves.

Sunday Morning in the Mines, 1872, Part of the permanent collection of the Crocker Art Museum Also of interest is the, a large Victorian Mansion which was home to 13 of California's Governors, as well as the official residence for current governor following renovations in 2015. The, which was completely restored in 2006, serves as the State's official address for diplomatic and business receptions. Guided public tours are available., home of the, is a cultural destination dedicated to telling the rich history of California and its unique influence on the world of ideas, innovation, art and culture. The museum educates tens of thousands of school children through inspiring programs, sharing with world visitors California's rich art, history and cultural legacy through dynamic exhibits, and serving as a public forum and international meeting place. The in Old Sacramento has historical exhibits and live steam locomotives that patrons may ride. The, located just south of Old Sacramento, is filled with automotive history and vehicles from 1880 to 2006 and is the oldest non-profit automotive museum in the West. The mission of it is to preserve, promote, and teach automotive culture and its influence on our lives—past, present and future.

In addition, the, in the heart of Old Sacramento, focuses on the history of Sacramento from the region's pre-Gold Rush history through the present day. There is a Museum Day held in Sacramento every year, when 26 museums in the greater Sacramento area offer free admission. The 2009 Sacramento Museum Day brought out more than 80,000 people, the largest number the event has gathered. Sacramento Museum Day is held every year on the first Saturday of February.

Music [ ] was started and based in Sacramento until its closing. Rappers,, and are among those native to the area.

Classical music is widely available. The, the Sacramento Baroque Soloists, the Sacramento Choral Society & Orchestra, the, the Sacramento Master Singers, the Sacramento Children's Chorus, and the Camellia Symphony each present a full season of concerts. Each year, the city hosts the Sammies, the Sacramento Music Awards. Sacramento also has a reputation as a center for jazz, because of the which is held every weekend. Events and performances are held in multiple locations throughout the city. Each year thousands of jazz fans from all over the world visit for this one weekend.

A growing number of rock, and bands hail from the Sacramento area, including,,,,,,,,,, and; plus some other famous musicians like record producer and recording artist, of and Craig Chaquico of. Siyasat Serial Epic Channel. Scottish pop band sang kindly of Sacramento in their 1972 European hit song 'Sacramento'. Groups such as,, and also come out of Sacramento. Film [ ] Sacramento is home to the, a cultural event held every year in July that features U.S. Premieres of French films and classic masterpieces of French cinema and the Sacramento Japanese Film Festival, also held in July.

In addition, Sacramento is home to the Trash Film Orgy, a summer film festival celebrating the absurd, B-movies, horror, monster, exploitation. Founded in 2007, the Sacramento Horror Film Festival showcases feature-length and short films as well as live musical and theatrical performances in the horror and macabre genres. Of note, Sacramento has been home to various actors, including, who resided in the Riverlake community of with his then wife, a fashion model and Sacramento native. Food and drink [ ] In 2012, Sacramento started the marketing campaign as 'America's Farm-to-Fork Capital' due to Sacramento's many restaurants that source their food locally from the numerous surrounding farms. The city has an annual Farm-to-Fork festival that showcases various grocers and growers in the industry. In 2012, The Kitchen was nominated for Outstanding Restaurant by the James Beard Foundation.

It continues to excel, earning the 's Five Diamond dining award since 2011. Sacramento is home to well-known cookbook authors, of Biba's Restaurant and Mai Pham of Lemongrass and Star Ginger. Sacramento is also known for its beverage culture, with keystone events that include 's Grape and Gourmet, Sacramento Beer Week, and Sacramento Cocktail Week. Its growing beer scene is evident, with over 60 microbreweries in the region as of 2017.

Some local brews include Track 7 Brewing Company, Rubricon Brewing Co., Oak Park Brewing Co., and Sactown Union Brewery. Numerous beer festivals around the region highlight both local and visitor beers. In addition to festivals in Elk Grove, Davis, Roseville, Placerville, and Woodland, Sacramento hosts the annual California Beer Craft Summit, an exposition dedicated to the art of brewing. The summit also hosts the largest beer festival on the West Coast, featuring over 160 breweries in downtown Sacramento. Sacramento's contemporary culture is reflected in its coffee.

An 'underrated coffee city', Sacramento has above-average marks for local coffee. The city has numerous community roasters and coffee shops. Examples include Temple Coffee, Insight Coffee Roasters, Old Soul Co., Chocolate Fish Roasters, Naked Lounge, Pachamama Roasting Co., and Identity Coffees. In addition to local brands, the region offers other chains like Starbucks, Peet's Coffee & Tea, and Philz Coffee. LGBTQ [ ] Sacramento has one of the highest LGBT populations per capita, ranking seventh among major American cities, and third in California behind San Francisco and slightly behind Oakland, with roughly 10% of the city's total population identifying themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

Is the hub for LGBTQ activities in the city and is a centrally located district in centered within and around K & 20th streets. The area owes its name to the high number of gay-owned homes and businesses residing there. The area is also home to many of the city's LGBTQ inclusive music and arts festivals, including the Second Saturday Block Party from May to September. Main article: Professional teams [ ] Sacramento is home to one major league sports team — the of the. The Kings came to Sacramento from Kansas City in 1985.

On January 21, 2013, a controlling interest of the Sacramento Kings was sold to Chris Hansen, who intended to move the franchise to Seattle for the 2013–2014 NBA season and rename the team the. Sacramento Mayor fought the move, forming an ownership group led by to keep the Kings in Sacramento. On May 16, 2013, the NBA Board of Governors voted 22–8 to keep the Kings in Sacramento. Sacramento has two other professional teams. Began play in April 2014 at Hughes Stadium before a sellout crowd of 20,231, setting a USL Pro regular-season single game attendance record. The Republic FC won the championship in their first season. In 2000, AAA minor league baseball returned to Sacramento with the, an affiliate of the and formerly an affiliate of the.

The River Cats play in, in West Sacramento. Sacramento is the former home of two professional basketball teams. The of the previously played in the Sacramento area until 2013. Sacramento was also formerly home to the now defunct of the.

The Monarchs were one of the eight founding members of the WNBA in 1997 and won the in 2005, but folded in November 2009. Sacramento professional teams (ranked by attendance) Club League Sport Venue Attendance Established Championships Basketball 16,291 1923 (1985) 1 NBA, 2 NBL (as Rochester Royals) () Soccer 13,763 2012 1 USL Pro () Baseball 8,435 1978 (2000) 2 Triple-A titles, 4 League titles Other sports [ ]. View of the city skyline from Raley Field Sacramento has frequently hosted the as well as the 1st and 2nd rounds of the. The California International Marathon (est. 1983) attracts a field of international elite runners who vie for a share of the $50,000 prize purse. The fast course is popular for runners seeking to achieve a Boston Marathon qualifying time and fitness runners. Parks and recreation [ ] Sacramento boasts an extensive park system consisting of over 5,000 acres (2,023 ha) of parkland and recreation centers.

The city features a collection of smaller parks in the Downtown districts, including Crocker Park, Pioneer Landing and Southside Park. Popular parks outside the central core include which spans 23 miles along the American River, and. In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, reported that Sacramento was tied with San Francisco and for having the 3rd best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. ParkScore ranks city park systems by a formula that analyzes the city's median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents.

Sacramento is a hotbed for high school rugby. Jesuit High is the recent defending national champion (winning five times in total). Their arch-rival school Christian Brothers came in second nationwide. Burbank, Del Campo and Vacaville have also placed well in the national competition over the years.

The Sacramento Valley High School Rugby Conference hosts the largest and arguably deepest preseason youth and high school rugby tournament in America. Sacramento hosts some recreational facilities and events.

The that runs between and grants access to the American River Parkway, a natural area that includes more than 5,000 acres (20 km 2) of undeveloped land. It attracts cyclists and equestrians from across the state. The is held in Sacramento each year at the end of the summer, ending on. In 2010, the State Fair moved to July.

More than one million people attended this fair in 2001. Among other recreational options in Sacramento is Discovery Park, a 275-acre (1.1 km 2) park studded with stands of mature trees and grasslands. This park is situated where the American River flows into the Sacramento River. In amateur sports, Sacramento claims many prominent Olympians such as Mark Spitz, Debbie Meyer (6 time gold medalist in for US swimming), Mike Burton, Summer Sanders (Gold medalist in swimming, and trained in childhood by Debbie Meyer at Rio Del Oro Racquet Club), Jeff Float (all swimming), and Billy Mills (track). Coach Sherm Chavoor founded his world-famous Arden Hills Swim Club just east of the city and trained Burton, Spitz and others. Government and politics [ ].

On the brink of the, protesters gather at the building The operates as a (as opposed to a general law city) under the Charter of the City of Sacramento. The elected government is composed of the with 8 city council districts and the, which operate under a. In addition, there are numerous departments and appointed officers such as the City Manager, (SPD), the (SFD), City Clerk, City Attorney, and City Treasurer.

As of 2016, the mayor is and the council members are Angelique Ashby, Allen Warren, Jeff Harris, Steve Hansen, Jay Schenirer, Rich Jennings, and Larry Carr. County government [ ]. See also: The City of Sacramento is part of, for which the is defined and authorized under the,, and the Charter of the County of Sacramento. Much of the is in practice the responsibility of county governments, such as the Government of Sacramento County.

The county government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. The government of Sacramento County is composed of the elected five-member, several other elected offices, including the,, and, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the County Executive Officer. Sacramento is located within all of the supervisorial districts, currently represented by,,,, and. The other officials elected in part by Sacramento residents currently include Sheriff, District Attorney, and Assessor Kathleen Kelleher. In addition, several other entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with Sacramento County, such as the. Federal and state representation [ ] In the, Sacramento is the heart of the, represented by Democrat.

In the, it is split between, represented by, and, represented. In the, Sacramento forms the majority of the, represented.

Education [ ] Colleges and universities [ ] The Sacramento area hosts a wide variety of higher educational opportunities. There are two major public universities, many private institutions, community colleges, vocational schools, and McGeorge School of Law. North entrance Sacramento is home to, founded as Sacramento State College in 1947. In 2004, enrollment was 22,555 undergraduates and 5,417 graduate students in the university's eight colleges. The university's mascot is the hornet, and the school colors are green and gold. The 300 acres (1.2 km 2) campus is located along the American River Parkway a few miles east of downtown. The has a campus,, in nearby and has a graduate center in downtown Sacramento.

The (GSM) is near the UC Davis Medical Center off of Stockton Boulevard near Highway 50. Many students, about 400 out of 517, at the UC Davis GSM are working professionals and are completing their MBA part-time. The part-time program is ranked in the top-20 and is well known for its small class size, world class faculty, and involvement in the business community. UC also maintains the University of California Sacramento Center (UCCS) for undergraduate and graduate studies. Similar to the UC's Washington, D.C., program, 'Scholar Interns' engage in both academic studies and as well as internships, often with the state government. The is located at the between the neighborhoods of,, and Oak Park. The consists of several in the Sacramento area—,,,, plus a large number of outreach centers for those colleges.

Is on the outskirts of Sacramento in Rocklin. Private, not for profit [ ] has its Sacramento Campus in the Oak Park neighborhood of Sacramento.

The campus houses, a top 100 law school according to 's annual rankings of U.S. Law schools (2006, 2007 & 2008). In 2015, the campus was expanded to become a comprehensive graduate and professional campus, including programs in analytics, business, education, health sciences, and public policy. The Sacramento regional campus offers bachelor's and master's degrees in business, education, health-care and teaching credential programs. The has one of its four regional campuses in Sacramento. At the undergraduate level they offer degrees in Applied Economics, Information Systems, Organizational Behavior and Leadership, and Public Administration. At the graduate level, Master's programs are offered in: Information Security and Assurance, Information Systems, Organization Development, Project Management, Public Administration, Nonprofit Administration, and Counseling.

The private has an extension in downtown Sacramento, called the State Capital Center. The campus, taught by main campus professors, Sacramento-based professors, and practitioners in the State Capitol and state agencies, offers Master of Public Administration, Masters of Public Policy, and Master of Public Health degrees. And the are also based in Sacramento.

Has one of its four campuses in Sacramento, which opened on the campus of Arcade Church in 1991. Western is an evangelical, Christian graduate school that provides theological training for students who hope to serve in a variety of ministry roles including pastors, marriage and family therapists, educators, missionaries and lay leadership.

The Sacramento campus offers four master's degrees, and a variety of other graduate-level programs. Private, for profit [ ] Sacramento has a number of private as well.

A satellite campus of offers graduate and undergraduate programs of study. Was established in 2007, and is a branch of. The school is focused on educating students in the field of commercial arts.

The school offers both a Bachelor of Science and an Associate of Science degree, as well as diplomas in some areas of study. Some majors the school offers are Digital Film-making & Video Production, Culinary Management, Graphic Design, and Game Art & Design. On J Street, there is the, a private, evening-only law school program with a strong legal presence in the region. The (UTI) is in Sacramento; it offers automotive programs in auto mechanical, auto body, and diesel. K–12 schools [ ] The system has 28 branches located in the greater area. The Sacramento area is served by various public school districts, including the,,,, and. As of 2009, the area's schools employed 9,600 elementary school teachers (not including special education teachers), and 7,410 middle school teachers (not including special education or vocational teachers).

Public schools [ ] Almost all areas south of the American River are served by the. The only exceptions are the Valley Hi/North Laguna and Florin areas that are served by the. Areas north of the American River are served by the remaining school districts.

This area was not originally part of the City of Sacramento and as such is not served by Sacramento City Unified School District. North Sacramento outside of Natomas and Robla (for K-8) is served by the Twin Rivers Unified School District. The Robla area is served by the Robla School District for K-8 and by Twin Rivers for 9–12. The region is served by the Natomas Unified School District. The Campus Commons area and the small portions of the Sierra Oaks neighborhood that fall into the city of Sacramento are served by the San Juan Unified School District.

Private schools [ ] Independent schools [ ] While Roman Catholic institutions still dominate the independent school scene in the Sacramento area, in 1964, opened and offered Sacramento citizens an independent school that is affiliated with the California Association of Independent Schools. SCDS has grown to its present-day status as a learning community for students from pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. Additionally, the suburb of Fair Oaks hosts the expansive riverside campus of the, a school adjacent to the Rudolf Steiner College, and the largest Waldorf school in North America. Sacramento Waldorf School educates students from pre-K through 12th grade on a secluded, pastoral site that incorporates a large, functioning farm. Other religious schools [ ] Shalom School is the only Jewish day school in Sacramento; however, Brookefield School on property owned by Congregation B'nai Israel provides extracurricular Jewish education. Capital Christian School is a pre-school–12th grade private, Christian school. There is a small Bible college on campus offering associate degrees in Bible studies or theology.

Sacramento Adventist Academy is another Christian school in Greater Sacramento. This is a pre-school–12 institution, as well.

There is one Islamic school in Sacramento, Masjid Annur, founded in 1988. Media [ ] Magazines [ ] • • • • Newspapers [ ] Top two newspapers •, the primary newspaper, was founded in 1857.

The Sacramento Bee is the flagship paper of, the second-largest newspaper publisher in the United States. The Sacramento Bee has won five in its history and numerous other awards, including many for its progressive public service campaigns promoting free speech (the Bee often criticized government policy, and uncovered many scandals hurting Californians), anti-racism (the Bee supported the Union during the and later publicly denounced the ), worker's rights (the Bee has a strong history of supporting ), and (leading numerous tree-planting campaigns and fighting against environmental destruction in the ). • The, the Sacramento Bee 's rival, started publishing six years earlier in 1851; it closed its doors in 1994, with a revival attempt lasting from 2005 to 2009. Writer and journalist wrote for the Union in 1866. Other newspapers • • • Radio [ ]. Further information: Television stations [ ] Channel Call Sign Network Subchannels 3 on 3.2 6 on 6.2, on 6.3, on 6.4 8 on 8.2, on 8.3, on 8.4, on 8.5, on 8.6, on 8.7 10 on 10.2, on 10.3 13 on 13.2 19 on 19.3, on 19.4 27 29 on 29.2, on 29.3, on 29.4, on 29.5, on 29.6 31 32 33 40 on 40.2, on 40.3 58 on 58.2 64 Transportation [ ] Roads and highways [ ] The Sacramento region is served by several highways and freeways.

(I-80) is the major east-west route, connecting Sacramento with San Francisco in the west, and in the east. (the Capital City Freeway) splits from I-80 in, runs through Sacramento, and then rejoins its parent in the northwest portion of the city. Also begins its eastern journey in West Sacramento, with Business 80, but then splits off and heads toward as the El Dorado Freeway. A sign at the eastern terminus of US 50 in gives the distance to Sacramento as 3,073 miles (4,946 km). (I-5) runs though Sacramento, heads north up to, and then heads south near the western edge of the towards Los Angeles.

Runs through Sacramento, heading closer to the eastern edge of the Central Valley, connecting to and in the north, and and in the south. Approaches the city after running along the from in the south, and then becomes a major city street in before turning into the North Sacramento Freeway, going over the to Business 80.

Some Sacramento neighborhoods, such as Downtown Sacramento and are very bicycle friendly as are many other communities in the region. As a result of litigation, Sacramento has undertaken to make all city facilities and sidewalks wheelchair accessible.

In an effort to preserve its urban neighborhoods, Sacramento has constructed measures in many areas. Amtrak service [ ]. 's serves as the city's main rail gateway provides passenger rail service to the city of Sacramento. The is on the corner of 5th and I streets near the historic Old Town Sacramento and underwent extensive renovations in 2007. The station serves as a terminus. Operates the, a multiple-frequency service providing service from the capital city to its northeastern suburbs and the. Sacramento is the northern terminus of the route which provide direct multiple-frequency passenger rail service to California's Central Valley as far as; connections are available from the trains at Bakersfield to and Southern.

Sacramento is a stop along Amtrak's route which provides scenic service to via and to the north and to Los Angeles via and to the south. Amtrak's serves Sacramento daily and provides service to the east serving,,,, Chicago and intermediate cities. The provides numerous Thruway Motorcoach routes. One route serves the cities of,,,, and with additional service to and even. A second serves the cities of,,,,, Reno and. The third and final thruway motorcoach route serves,, Casinos, and. Each of these routes provides multiple frequencies each day.

Sacramento has the second busiest Amtrak station in California and the seventh busiest in the country. Walkability [ ] A 2011 study by ranked Sacramento 24th most walkable of fifty largest U.S.

Airport [ ] Sacramento International Airport (: SMF,: KSMF,: SMF) is a public 10 miles (16 km) northwest of downtown Sacramento, in. It is run by Sacramento County. Currently accounts for half the airline passengers. Other airlines include,, and. Handles flights to and from various US destinations (including Hawaii) as well as, Canada and connecting flights to Europe, Asia, and South America, and served more than 10 million passengers in 2016.

[ ] The airport is best known for its red rabbit installation by Lawrence Argent entitled 'Leap'. Other transportation options [ ].

Regional Transit (RT) light rail train pulls onto K Street The city and its suburbs are served by, which ranks as. Sac RT is a bus and light-rail system, with 274 buses and 76 light-rail vehicles providing service for 58,200 daily passengers. The three Light-rail lines (Blue, Gold, & Green) is a 42.9 mi (69.0 km) system with 54 stations. The Gold Line was extended east as far as the city of, and more recently the Blue Line was extended south from Meadowview Rd to. Sacramento's light rail system goes to the, in south Sacramento, and north to Watt/I-80 where and Business 80 meet.

The Light-rail Blue & Gold Lines have 15 minute weekday headways and 30 minute weekday evening and weekend/holiday headways; the Green Line has 30 minute weekday headways and no weekend service. There are expansion plans to extend the Green Line to and the Blue Line to the City of through the City of. Provides bus service to and. Provides intercity bus service to Portland, Reno, Los Angeles, and San Francisco from its new station along Richards Boulevard. Intercity bus service to San Francisco and is offered. Is an increasingly popular transportation mode in Sacramento, which enjoys a mild climate and flat terrain.

Bicycling is especially common in the older neighborhoods of Sacramento's center, such as,,,, and. Many employees who work downtown commute by bicycle from suburban communities on a dedicated bicycle path on the. Sacramento was designated as a Silver Level Bicycle Friendly Community by the in September 2006.

The advocacy organization co-sponsors the Sacramento Area Council of Governments' May is Bike Month campaign. There is commuter bus service from Yolo County on, from Solano County on, on two bus lines from 's, from Transit's Sacramento Line, on 's Auburn to Light Rail Line, and from on several bus lines. Cemeteries [ ] • East Lawn Memorial Park & Crematory • Odd Fellows Lawn Cemetery and Mausoleum • • Notable residents [ ].

The PTA structure is organized from the bottom up, starting with the local PTA at your child’s school and going all the way to National PTA. THREE LEVELS OF LOCAL ADVOCACY Three levels of geographical organization are part of California PTA: • Units – The familiar local PTA at your child’s school is called a “unit.” Organized and chartered according to rules and regulations outlined in California State PTA bylaws, units are self-governing organizations for the purpose of planning programs and activities to meet local community needs. However, they are required to observe policies of California State PTA and National PTA.

Find out more about your school’s unit. • Councils – Councils are groups of member units that come together for conferences, leadership trainings and other coordinated area efforts.

• Districts — District PTAs are large geographical divisions of California State PTA, established to carry out programs and coordinate the work of the councils and units.