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Recommended: 10th, 11th, 12th Prerequisite: This follows Literature and Composition in the progression, but it can be taken without having completed the other. Test Prep:, SAT Course Description: Students will receive an overview of British literature from early Anglo-Saxon to Modern. Literary study will be infused with historical applications for a better understanding of the social and historical context of the readings. Literary terms and elements of poetry will be discussed throughout this course.

The study of grammar and mechanics of writing will continue with a focus on reviewing concepts and avoiding common errors. Students will further improve their writing through the study of problem areas as well as regular use of response journals. Spelling and Vocabulary will largely come from literary terminology, but will also include the study of root words and affixes in preparation for college entrance examinations. Additionally, SAT prep will be included as part of this course. Writing assignments will include Responses to Literature journal entries for each work read, a literary and narrative essay of 500-700 words in length, a research paper of 3-5 pages, and a final literary analysis paper of 5-7 pages.

Students will have unit tests at the end of each unit. The final exam will not be cumulative. *Here is an sheet with details about each assignment. Refer to this often as you work through the course.

Read this article in Read this article in Introduction Digital image editors mix painting and drawing tools with some features specific to digital imaging, which creates images from the physical environment using normally cameras or scanners, and have two additional features you should know about: • Process raw images: Digital imaging systems produce a raw image file which is the image detected by the sensors. This raw image is processed to produce an image file, most commonly the JPEG image format, which we then view and edit in our digital image editor. The Raw files are often described as 'digital negatives' because they have a similar role to the negatives produced by film photography. For this article, you just need to know that some digital image editors are able to decode Raw files and provide further options for editing those images. • View or edit Exif/DCF data: When a raw image is created the camera or scanner also stores information about the state of the imaging device and the physical conditions.

This data is called meta-data because it is 'data about data'. You just need to know that there are standard formats for storing this meta-data. The two most common standards being Exif (Exchangeable Image File) and DCF (Design rule for Camera File system). I have deliberately looked for application programs that allow you to examine and edit the above two features. There are many good products which is why there are so many options in this category. Just remember that very few are general-purpose so most users will benefit from mixing products from this category and the and categories.

Read also and at the end of this article. Basic Editors. Lacks a few of the usual retouching tools and has a slightly unusual menu system and user interface; Bundled with OpenCandy. Other Free Digital Image Editors Most of the other Free Digital Image Editors we have reviewed are listed below. Let us know if you have any good suggestions.

Either contact the editor or leave a comment below at the end of this article. For added security we advise you to run virus scans on the websites and any downloads from those websites as they are not checked as regularly as the recommended products above. • may not run well due to compatibility issues. Its interface is dated, help can be cryptic, printing is inadequate, and many users find it confusing. But I found it a good mid-range solution with lots of information (such as Exif data and image statistics), many tools, and a side-buy-side preview for each tool. • is unimpressive. However, I did like the choice of snap 'grids'.

• hasn't yet installed correctly on my test computer. • is a very good editor that is well documented with many capabilities. It uses a hierarchy of layers and objects which each has its own layer. Each layer has its own blend mode for combining the layers to form the final image. Grouping objects combines the layer. If it was more intuitive to use then I would recommend it. As it is, too often I was left wondering why features were inconsistent or would not work as expected: when I select an area and click on it the move pointer appears but only the first time as all later moves have a simple crosshair; redraw after measuring didn't remove all the old crosshairs; layers can't be deleted instead you delete the object which is more work to select it; and drawn objects have to be 'flattened' or converted to an image to use the paint tools on them.

• is small and open source aiming to be a good pixel editor. • version 2 has shortcut keys for everything. The version 3 beta also has a 64-bit program.

• is amazing but it not for general use as it is built on a toolkit specifically designed for scientific research. • is recommended in the article which is definitely the category it belongs in. It is listed here purely because it can open a range of Raw file formats although not all of those I was testing as it plug-in problems are one of many areas where Krita is buggy.

It does not interface to cameras or scanners. • is mid-level but tries to install third-party software that are likely to cause you problems. • (Virustotal scanned site 0/58) - originally Nookkin's Image Editor - is advertised as a beta but seems fine to use. It includes a useful color selection and conversion utility that can be run separately. • is a Java application that has been version 1.0 since 2008. Although it looks cool and has some good features - I particularly like the option to delete sensitive information from an image - it has too many bugs and underdeveloped features.

For example, once I placed text I couldn't edit it. • is a very promising portable program with unusual features like support for the Photo HD file format, an option to specify color depth when saving an image, reopen files after crash, displays all image metadata, and keyboard macros. It will probably be recommended when I can sort out why it is crashing for me. • is good for basic users. • may not run well due to compatibility issues. It is a good mid-level editor with lots of features, extras (sample photos, textures, etc), batch processing, and scripting. Warning that it wants to install third-party products that are likely to cause you problems.

• is promoted for digital scrapbooking and has support for a Photobie Club but there appears to be little activity on the website. The program is a mix of very useful and advanced features like layers and 8bf filters. But the interface is dated and icons are hard to identify. • has a good interface and quite a few features. • has a unique interface but too many bugs and not enough features.

If does display all the Exif metadata. • may not run well due to compatibility issues. It looks good and takes many Photoshop 8bf filters. • is recommended in the.

It will receive images from cameras and scanners. The English language interface is not complete so you will find yourself reading Japanese when you view the EXIF information. • is a very cut-down version of Photo Pos Pro. It also wants to install software that are likely to cause you problems. • are basically the same program.

Both are mid-level editors that can create icons and GIF animations. • is one of a range of products that are easy to use and moderately powerful. • has a useful image viewer.

Image editing is disappointing but there are features not commonly found like copyright notice, picture shadow, and Raw file support. • has very limited features, mainly color correction and resizing. • is largely useless because it only really orders prints online. • is nearly useless. It is small and fast but it lacks relevant checks.

For example, it lets you open files that it can't decode. • is very limited. • is somewhat limited and hasn't been updated since version 1.1 in 2007. On Windows 7 64-bit, to exit it I had to kill it with Task Manager.

• is a basic editor similar to Windows Paint which would be preferred. • is limited. • is too limited. Plus it wants to install third-party software that are likely to cause you problems.

• developer has abandoned the website. [show-hide toggle] Related Products and Links Several articles review programs with similar functions: • reviews software to visualize images and includes many products that have their own editing capabilities. • has the web-based equivalents. • also works with bitmaps but focuses on creating paint-like images. • reviews photo-cataloguing software that usually has the ability to link with photo editors and often has its own editing capabilities. • looks at image editors that don't rely on bitmap or raster graphics to produce images or drawings.

Classifying Digital Image Editors In this article, digital image editors are classified in four sub-categories below: • Basic Editors are programs that only allow you to edit an existing image: 'those little gems that help you quickly and easily make small adjustments to the overall lighting, colors, and tones of your images without the clutter of a lot of advanced tool sets. These also offer such tools as cropping, sharpening, and red eye correction.' Ease of use is the key.

• Mid-level Editors offer more advanced tools like layers, adding captions and shapes, the ability to select portions of the image and make adjustments to just those portions, etc. These will also offer filters for applying textures, artistic effects, edge enhancements, borders and frames. The breadth of image enhancements and drawing tools are the most important considerations. • Advanced Editors have advanced photographic features that work with the features of specific cameras and the files that they generate. They usually compete with professional programs like Photoshop or Paint Shop Pro in some aspects if not all. The primary criterion is the ability to work with imaging from many devices. • Digital Imaging Suites that bundle related modules or programs to extend the functionality of the core image editor. Regina La O Margine De Sat Download Girlshare more.

The extra features can be both basic and advanced so the suites generally cover all three levels of capability. There is no primary criterion for this group because they cover aspects of the other three classes. This article does not include on-line or web-based digital image editors which are reviewed in their own category.

Important Features The following are key features that will help you to decide which digital image editor is best for you. General features • Context-sensitive help and other assistance. Tutorials are particularly important. • Preview or comparison view. The example on the right is from Visions ⟹.

• Undo/Redo to multiple levels as shown in the far-right image of the undo list in PhotoPad ⟹⟹. • Batch processing and scripting allows the same editing steps to be applied to multiple images in a consistent manner. • Support for sharing of images through email, web uploads and social media. Basic photo features • Straightening in the two-dimensional sense usually means rotating the entire image.

The easiest method is to draw a line to indicate where the horizon should be and let the program rotate the photo for you as Imagina does in the example image on the right ⟹. • Cropping images to cut out unneeded elements. The best cropping tools allow the aspect ratio to fit a specific output format such as a standard photo print size. • Scaling, resizing and re-sampling to fit your output requirement. • Photo correction tools including lighten/darken, sharpen/blur, and red-eye reduction. • Captions, timestamps, and borders. Drawing and painting features • Layers allow objects and effefts to be separated from the original image and from each other.

Layers also allow drawn objects to retain their properties when an image file is saved. • Vector graphic and font support so that drawn objects are scale independent while you are working with them.

• Drawing tools including lines, brushes, shapes/polygons, clip art, fonts, accompanied by transformations that alter the drawn objects. • Complex selections including silhouettes, tracing, and clipping paths.

This allows areas to be selected by the outline, based on a colour, or by any shape that you want. The example to the right shows the Chasys IES Artist's magic wand selecting a shade of black anywhere in the image ⟹. • Drawing file format support e.g.

EPS, SVG, DDS (for games). Advanced photo features • View metadata provided from the source camera or scanner. EXIF/DCF and Raw metadata have been mentioned in the introduction. • Advanced straightening consists of several similar features that even allow 3D-like manipulation.

Perspective correction and vertical straightening are often used to provide square faces to buildings as shown in the example ⟹. Warping using a grid or mesh allows lens distortions (pincushion, barrel, fish-eye, moustache) to be. • Image enhancement tools like cloning, blending, and combining images. • Plug-ins to provide additional features: tools, filters, and file import & export formats. • Raw file support. Raw images are direct from the camera or scanner sensors before any pre-processing attempts to correct the image to match the human eye. This feature can be provided by plug-ins.

Professional color support • (High-Dynamic Range) support. Normally, 255 levels (8 bits) are used for each color of Red, Green & Blue (RGB) and the alpha channel to make up 32-bit color. 255 levels is not very much if are performing complex transformations and the rounding errors can become significant. So if you want to retain as much detail as possible then you should consider using 16-bits per channel to retain highlights and ensure smooth transitions in colors without any banding.

That is why the HDR file formats are important. Some programs are limited to 8-bits per channel and others require plug-ins. Suitable file formats for HDR also provide for metadata, transparency, color management, and some handle layers ( L) too. A couple are vector-based ( V). The main difference between them all is the maximum bits for greater. • Device dependent but normally 32-bit: Adobe EPS VL • 32-bit: IMA, TIFF (floating), SVG V L. • 64-bit: freedesktop.org's ORA L, Photoline's PLD L, Photoshop's PSD L, XAML V L • 128-bit: EXR (used for video rendering), Microsoft's HD Photo/JPEG XR and DDS V (used for gaming) • to reproduce colors accurately on various devices, for example, displayed on your screen and printed on paper.

The Windows Color System (WCS) is not enabled by default. The following two features are part of color management ⟹. • conversion (gamut mapping between different color spaces) allows the best representation of colours. Is usually the default. • which indicates the priority for color representation. The International Color Consortium (ICC) has four profiles that are used to match the image color space to the output device color space.

Two factors determine the colors you will see. What happens to colors that fall outside the output device gamut and what happens to the white point. • absolute maintains the original white point which may not match the output device so it often looks wrong to us because it produces a color cast. • saturation is best for graphics where exact colors don't matter. • relative is good for photographers: it fits colors within the boundaries but does not adjust any other colors within the boundaries. • perceptual is also good for photographers: it fits colors within the boundaries and adjusts the other colors to preserve relative differences between them.

Editor This software category is in need of an editor. If you would like to give something back to the freeware community by taking it over, check out for more details. You can then contact us from that page. Please rate this article. I won't be reviewing G'MIC or any similar product. G'MIC would only be a 'digital image editor' in the broadest sense of the term. Technically it is an 'image processor' which we don't have an article for.

It could also be more easily compared with 'image converters' but we don't have an article for that software either. The command-line version of G'MIC uses the G'MIC (of the same name) C++ library and it is one of several different interfaces. The command-line interface is a command interpreter where the programmed instructions are executed as they are entered. Another interface is a gmic_gimp plug-in for GIMP which is an 'image editor' recommended in this article. • or to post comments. Here is my humble opinion: The usefulness of a image editor ( or any software ) depends on the needs of the user.

The writer of this article quite properly went for three categories & gave us a good overview of some nice softwares. My thanks & gratitude for that. Bryan Magee The Great Philosophers Pdf Merge. IMHO the best free advanced category image editors are GIMP & Photoshop CS2.

They are almost equally capable & have daunting learning curves. But they are 'a must know' for young hobbyists interested in image editing. After all quality of the job is the last word. For a majority of people Paint.net should prove an excellent choice. It is easy to use as an entry-level software as well as a more advanced one. Of course it is not as good as GIMP or Photoshop.

For cropping, resizing & minor adjustments of brightness/contrast any of the basic editors will do. The choice given by the writer is quite agreeable. Only that he missed the popular Irfan View. • or to post comments. Adobe Photoshop CS2 is available from free download sites but Adobe has not positively authorized its free use. In fact, Adobe's published comments on this issue say that it is not free (see ): says 'Adobe has disabled the activation server for CS2 products, including Acrobat 7, because of a technical issue. These products were released more than seven years ago, do not run on many modern operating systems, and are no longer supported.

Adobe strongly advises against running unsupported and outdated software. The serial numbers provided as a part of the download may only be used by customers who legitimately purchased CS2 or Acrobat 7 and need to maintain their current use of these products.' Responds to the question 'Is it OK for someone who did NOT purchase CS2 to download this now for personal use?' With 'No, it isn't.

The download link is there only for the benefit of people who've paid for CS2. On the other hand, Adobe may have softened its initial stance.

Adobe don't appear to have spent any time or money forcing sites to take down the downloads. Also the strongest statements are no longer visible on Adobe sites: 'On behalf of Adobe Systems Incorporated You have heard wrong! Adobe is absolutely not providing free copies of CS2! What is true is that Adobe is terminating the activation servers for CS2 and that for existing licensed users of CS2 who need to reinstall their software, copies of CS2 that don’t require activation but do require valid serial numbers are available. (Special serial numbers are provided on the page for each product download.)' which used to say ' The purpose of this measure was not to distribute software free of charge to a large number of people.

Rather, the measure was initially put in place in order to make the software as user-friendly as possible for those customers with the proper license. Anybody using it without the proper license is in violation of the licensing agreement.

We thank you for your understanding.' In either case, Photoshop CS2 does not meet our policy for free software so it will not be included in this review. • or to post comments. First, my kudos to Remah for a professional-quality article that should be a model and inspiration for other reviewers.

Second, my thanks to JediInverse for mentioning MS Picture Manager that comes free with MS Office. I knew, of course, that I owned the latter, but never realized that it included the former.

My story: On those infrequent occasions when I do image editing, I take a simplistic approach. I don't create fantastic but realistic-looking images of a sliced-open egg with its yolk replaced by a sliced-open kiwi fruit, or a cruise ship floating in a bowl of soup; I just do things that I think should be easy. Yesterday I edited an image that I wanted to rotate by 45 degrees. I used Paint.net and was appalled to discover that this sophisticated program--with so many features that I'll never need or know how to use--offered on the Image menu to rotate only in 90-degree increments. Now that I've read Remah's review, I see that all I had to do was move to the Layers menu to find its Rotate/Zoom tool, but why would a SW designer split those functions over two different menus without at least cross-linking them? And, now I know that next time I can also use Picture Manager to do the same job (and probably others that I'll soon discover) very simply.

• or to post comments. Thanks for the compliment. This is a category that has many products of a high-standard and it is hard to go wrong with so much choice. But as you point out there are some significant deficiencies and strange design choices. Paint.NET's layer rotate tool is so good that I'm considering adding a list of desirable features. This would be at the end of the introduction to alert people to the best features, promote the programs that provide them, and hopefully raise the bar for the rest of the programs.

I will be adding a short review of MS Picture Manager at the end of the article because so many Office users are not aware of. I have been a heavy user of it for many years. • or to post comments.