Look N Stop Serial
How Old is My Fender Guitar? I often get asked, how old is my Fender guitar?
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Most of the time this question can't be answered specifically. The Fender numbers tell the story of the company over the years. Unfortunately, the serial number placement is sporadic and many ID numbers over lap between years and models. In many instances, there is no exact known date for a specific guitar. That is why I decided to write this article. I want to help you understand how to tell the age of your Fender as well as any Fender you see. Fender like Gibson has been producing guitars for many years.
Certain styles and colors have come and gone over the years, but there is no real obvious way to tell how old a Fender is other than the indentification number. Unfortunately, Fender decided not to simply write the date of manufacture on the guitar. They decided that it would be easier to decipher the serial number code than just write the year on the guitar.
I say this only joking. Most manufactures don't actually write the production dates on the guitar in plain view. First let's take a look at where to find ID numbers on a Fender guitar. Where do I find my Fender Serial Number? This article is intended to help you date your Fender Stratocaster, Telecaster, and Precision Bass guitars all the way back to the early 1950s.
In order to tell how old your Fender is you will have to find the indentification number or neck number. The serial number location has changed a few times of the years. From 1950 to 1954 Fender guitar unique numbers were stamped in the bridge cavity cover plate. From 1954 to 1976 Fender stamped its guitar's serial number on either the top or bottom of the neck plate. Modern Fender production guitars, 1976 to the present, have their ID numbers on the front or back of the headstock near the Fender decal. In 1982 Fender decided to start making reissued vintage guitars.
These guitars were replicas of the early 1950 and 1960s era guitars. True to form the reissue guitars have their indentification numbers stamped in the neck plate.
The serial numbers on the outside of the body are not the only way to date a Fender guitar however. Fender also dated the neck when it was manufactured.
After the neck was finished, a Fender employee would either stamp or handwrite the date on the end of the guitar neck on its heel. This marking is only visible when the neck is removed from the body because it is covered in the neck pocket. Almost all Fender guitars have a dated neck. Some Fender guitar bodies and pickups also have dates written on them. Few Fender guitars have dates written on the bodies under the pickups, in the routed out cavities, and near the wiring harnesses. Fender only decided to write dates on the bodies for a few years here and there. They never really did that consistently.
What does the date on the neck mean? Many people think that the date on the heel of their Fender neck is the production date of the guitar. After reviewing the ID number, you might find out that the two corresponding dates don't coincide. It all has to do with how Fender produced guitars. Leo Fender was a genius with minimizing the costs of production. Unlike Gibson, Leo found did everything the cheapest and fastest way possible.
He made a bolt-on neck, so the neck and the body could be manufactured at the same time. He wired the pickguard with pickups, so all the wiring could be finished before the body was even dry from finishing. That's how the Fender production line worked. The number and date on the neck is simply the date that the neck was finished--not the date that the guitar was completed.
Necks could sit for days, weeks, or even months at a time before being matched with a body. After the entire guitar was assembled, the indentification number was stamped in place. Being many months later, the serial number date and the neck date might not match. Remember, these serial and neck numbers were never really intended for historical dating. They were simply internal numbers to help with production. At some point in 1954, Fender decided to stop grouping the guitar ID number by model. He started using one sequence of serial numbers for all the guitars coming off of the Fender production lines including Teles, Esquires, Strats, and P-basses.
Some of these indentification numbers are still out of sequence, jumbled up, or missing. You may notice that there is a great deal of over lapping numbers in these nine years. The only way to verify an over lapping date is to check the corresponding neck date and body date. This list is a little convoluted because there are so many over lapping serial numbers. The number column represents the general number grouping that Fender and most experts agree on.
The low and high columns show the range of indentification numbers that have been positively matched to specific years. As you can see, there is quite a bit of overlap.
For some reason during 1955, 1957, and 1958 Fender decided to place zero or a dash in front of ID numbers periodically. Some guitars in these years have them and some don't. 1954-1963 Fender Guitars Numbers Low High Years 0001-6999 0001 7000-8999 3152 9 7895 9 2 1957 9 03 1958 9 03 1959 9 6 1960 9 4 1961 9 3 1962 9 4 1963.
Toward the end of 1962 Fender's success kept on building. He was nearing his 100,000th guitar. Aisi Lagi Lagan Full Song Download. Instead of adding another digit on to his 5-digit ID numbers, Leo decided to add an 'L', presumably for his first initial, in front of the serial numbers and start the sequence all over again. This time all the indentification numbers under 10,000 fill the empty digits with zeros.
For example, the 989th guitar's ID number would not be L989. It was L00989. Since this change wasn't until the end of 1962, only a few true 1962 Fenders have an 'L' serial number. Late 1962 - Early 1965 Fender Guitars Numbers Low High Years L00001-L19999 L0001 L L20000-L59999 L08825 L L60000-L99999 L23537 L. In early 1965, Leo Fender sold Fender Musical Instruments, Inc.
To CBS for $13 million. A lot of changes happened to the company as well as the guitars themselves under the new ownership. The indentification number sequences were no exception.
CBS came up with a new numbering system to take advantage of the fact that Leo did not use 6-digit ID numbers. CBS continued the sequence Fender started in 1954. These 1965-1976 era guitars are commonly referred to as the F series because of the neck plate design change. The new neck plate only had the Fender F logo stamped in place. Late 1965 - 1976 Digits Numbers Low High Years 199 177 1965 199 177 1966 199 143 1967 299 115 1968 299 274 1969 299 235 1970 299 289 1971 399 231 1972 399 230 1973 599 315 1974 699 499 1975 699 557 1976 699 1971-1976. In 1976, Fender decided to stop stamping ID numbers in guitar parts and started making decals for the guitar peghead or headstock.
Along with the new location a new series of serial numbers were instituted. Fender apparently was thinking long term because they developed a serial numbering system with one-letter codes preceding the indentification numbers. The letters referred to the decade that the guitars were produced. Most guitars then had a number following the one-letter code that designated the specific year. For instance, ID number S76823 would be a guitar produced in 1977.
In about 1982 Fender started making import guitars from Japan and around 1990 Fender started importing from Mexico. These guitars have a completely different set of serial numbers that I will talk about later in the article. This section only deals with USA made Fender guitars. Here are the decade numbers: 1976-Present USA Fender serial number One-letter Codes Letters Decades S 1970's E 1980's N 1990's Z 2000's The new serial number system was a little complicated, but it does make it relatively easy to tell the date of the guitar.
Like all Fender's previous systems, they are problems with this one. Fender mass-produced the headstock decal without matching them with the annual production schedules of the guitars--meaning they made more decals for a given year than guitars. See the problem?
There were a few years where excess headstock ID number decals were produced and held over to the next year, the some guitars are actually dated with a previous year decal. It wasn't until 1991 that Fender actually got this system straighten out. To get the exact date on guitars made between 1976 and 1991, it is important to cross-reference the dates on the neck written on the heel. Here are a list of dates and codes that overlap years.
1976-Present USA Fender Overlapping One-letter Codes Letters Decades S7 January 1977 - April 1978 S8 December 1977 - December 1978 S9 November 1978 - August 1981 E0 June 1979 - December 1981 E1 December 1980 - January 1982 E2 December 1981 - January 1983 E3 December 1982 - January 1985 E4 December 1983 - Early 1988 E8 1988 - 1989 E9 1989 - 1990 N9 1990 N0 1990 - 1991 Aside from all of the errors and overlapping serial numbers, this system was quite improved from the previous ID number systems. If Fender would have executed the indentification numbers as planned, USA Fender guitars would be numbered as the following without any exceptions.
You can use this table to lookup your Fender serial number after 1976. Throughout the years, Fender has run many limited edition, reissue, and custom guitars. All of these guitars' ID numbers do not follow the unique number sequence of the regular production guitars. These guitars usually have a special two to four letter prefix before the serial number.
Each prefix is unique to that model guitar. Here is a guide to lookup all of the different types of special Fender guitars with their own serial number pattern.
A connector used for a serial port on an computer along with the serial port symbol. In, a serial port is a interface through which information transfers in or out one at a time (in contrast to a ). Throughout most of the history of, data was transferred through serial ports to devices such as modems,, and various peripherals. While such interfaces as,, and all send data as a serial, the term 'serial port' usually identifies hardware more or less compliant to the standard, intended to interface with a or with a similar communication device. Modern computers without serial ports may require serial-to-USB converters to allow compatibility with RS-232 serial devices. Serial ports are still used in applications such as industrial automation systems, scientific instruments, systems and some industrial and consumer products.
Computers may use a serial port as a control console for diagnostics. Network equipment (such as routers and switches) often use serial console for configuration. Serial ports are still used in these areas as they are simple, cheap and their console functions are highly standardized and widespread. A serial port requires very little supporting software from the host system. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Hardware [ ] Some computers, such as the, use an called a. This IC converts characters to and from form, implementing the timing and framing of data in hardware.
Very low-cost systems, such as some early, would instead use the to send the data through an pin, using the technique. Before (LSI) UART integrated circuits were common, a or would have a serial port made of multiple small-scale integrated circuits to implement shift registers, logic gates, counters, and all the other logic for a serial port. Early home computers often had proprietary serial ports with pinouts and voltage levels incompatible with RS-232.
Inter-operation with RS-232 devices may be impossible as the serial port cannot withstand the voltage levels produced and may have other differences that ' the user to products of a particular manufacturer. Low-cost processors now allow higher-speed, but more complex, serial communication standards such as and to replace RS-232. These make it possible to connect devices that would not have operated feasibly over slower serial connections, such as mass storage, sound, and video devices. Many personal computer motherboards still have at least one serial port, even if accessible only through a. Small-form-factor systems and laptops may omit RS-232 connector ports to conserve space, but the electronics are still there.
RS-232 has been standard for so long that the circuits needed to control a serial port became very cheap and often exist on a single chip, sometimes also with circuitry for a parallel port. A converter from USB to an RS-232 compatible serial port; more than a physical transition, it requires a driver in the host system software and a built-in processor to emulate the functions of the compatible serial port hardware.
DTE and DCE [ ] The individual signals on a serial port are unidirectional and when connecting two devices the outputs of one device must be connected to the inputs of the other. Devices are divided into two categories (DTE) and (DCE). A line that is an output on a DTE device is an input on a DCE device and vice versa so a DCE device can be connected to a DTE device with a straight wired cable. Conventionally, computers and terminals are DTE while modems and peripherals are DCE. If it is necessary to connect two DTE devices (or two DCE devices but that is more unusual) a cross-over, in the form of either an adapter or a cable, must be used.
Male and female [ ]. DE-9 gender changers, showing both male (visible on the left) and female DE-9 connectors (visible on the right) Generally, serial port connectors are gendered, only allowing connectors to mate with a connector of the opposite gender. With connectors, the male connectors have protruding pins, and female connectors have corresponding round sockets. Either type of connector can be mounted on equipment or a panel; or terminate a cable. Connectors mounted on DTE are likely to be male, and those mounted on DCE are likely to be female (with the cable connectors being the opposite). However, this is far from universal; for instance, most serial printers have a female DB25 connector, but they are DTEs. Connectors [ ] While the RS-232 standard originally specified a 25-pin, many designers of personal computers chose to implement only a subset of the full standard: they traded off compatibility with the standard against the use of less costly and more compact connectors (in particular the DE-9 version used by the original ).
The desire to supply serial interface cards with two ports required that IBM reduce the size of the connector to fit onto a single card back panel. A DE-9 connector also fits onto a card with a second DB-25 connector. Starting around the time of the introduction of the IBM PC-AT, serial ports were commonly built with a 9-pin connector to save cost and space. However, presence of a 9-pin D-subminiature connector is not sufficient to indicate the connection is in fact a serial port, since this connector is also used for video, joysticks, and other purposes. Some miniaturized electronics, particularly and hand-held and equipment, have serial ports using a, usually the smaller 2.5 or 3.5 mm connectors and use the most basic 3-wire interface.
Many models of favor the related standard, mostly using German, except in the earliest models. The Macintosh included a standard set of two ports for connection to a printer and a modem, but some laptops had only one combined port to save space.
Since most devices do not use all of the 20 signals that are defined by the standard, smaller connectors are often used. For example, the 9-pin DE-9 connector is used by most IBM-compatible PCs since the IBM PC AT, and has been standardized as TIA-574. More recently, have been used.
Most common are connectors, for which the standard defines a pinout, while the 'Yost Serial Device Wiring Standard' invented by Dave Yost (and popularized by the ) is common on computers and newer devices from. Connectors can be found on some devices as well. Defined their own connection system which is based on the (MMJ) connector. This is a 6-pin modular where the key is offset from the center position. As with the Yost standard, DECconnect uses a symmetrical pin layout which enables the direct connection between two DTEs.
Another common connector is the DH10 header connector common on motherboards and add-in cards which is usually converted via a cable to the more standard 9-pin DE-9 connector (and frequently mounted on a free slot plate or other part of the housing). A 3560-16S used for RS-232 on a TWN-5213 CU tablet computer. Below is a mating 3540-16P-CV connector. Pinouts [ ] The following table lists commonly used RS-232 signals and pin assignments. • Dial-up • Configuration and management of equipment such as,,, • receivers (typically at 4,800 bit/s) • and other devices • and text displays •, low-speed satellite modems and other satellite based transceiver devices • Flat-screen (LCD and Plasma) monitors to control screen functions by external computer, other AV components or remotes • Test and measuring equipment such as digital and weighing systems • Updating on various consumer devices. • • • Stenography or machines. • Software debuggers that run on a second computer.
• Industrial field buses • •, • Older • (Macintosh using at 230.4 kbit/s) • • Older • Since the control signals for a serial port can be easily turned on and off by a switch, some applications used the control lines of a serial port to monitor external devices, without exchanging serial data. A common commercial application of this principle was for some models of which used the control lines to signal loss of power, low battery, and other status information.
At least some training software used a code key connected to the serial port, to simulate actual code use. The status bits of the serial port could be sampled very rapidly and at predictable times, making it possible for the software to decipher Morse code. Main article: Parity is a method of detecting errors in transmission. When parity is used with a serial port, an extra data bit is sent with each data character, arranged so that the number of 1 bits in each character, including the parity bit, is always odd or always even. If a byte is received with the wrong number of 1s, then it must have been corrupted.
However, an even number of errors can pass the parity check. Electromechanical teleprinters were arranged to print a special character when received data contained a parity error, to allow detection of messages damaged. A single does not allow implementation of on each character, and working over serial data links will have higher-level mechanisms to ensure data validity and request retransmission of data that has been incorrectly received. The parity bit in each character can be set to none (N), odd (O), even (E), mark (M), or space (S). None means that no parity bit is sent at all. Mark parity means that the parity bit is always set to the mark signal condition (logical 1) and likewise space parity always sends the parity bit in the space signal condition. Aside from uncommon applications that use the 9th (parity) bit for some form of addressing or special signaling, mark or space parity is uncommon, as it adds no error detection information.
Odd parity is more useful than even, since it ensures that at least one state transition occurs in each character, which makes it more reliable. The most common parity setting, however, is 'none', with error detection handled by a communication protocol. Stop bits [ ] Stop bits sent at the end of every character allow the receiving signal hardware to detect the end of a character and to resynchronise with the character stream. Electronic devices usually use one stop bit. If slow electromechanical are used, one-and-one half or two stop bits are required. Conventional notation [ ] The data/parity/stop (D/P/S) conventional notation specifies the framing of a serial connection.
The most common usage on microcomputers is 8/N/1 (8N1). This specifies 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit. In this notation, the parity bit is not included in the data bits.
7/E/1 (7E1) means that an even parity bit is added to the 7 data bits for a total of 8 bits between the start and stop bits. If a receiver of a 7/E/1 stream is expecting an 8/N/1 stream, half the possible bytes will be interpreted as having the high bit set. Flow control [ ]. Main article: In many circumstances a transmitter might be able to send data faster than the receiver is able to process it.
To cope with this, serial lines often incorporate a ' method, usually distinguished between hardware and software handshaking. Hardware handshaking is done with extra signals, often the RS-232 RTS/CTS or DTR/DSR signal circuits. Generally, the RTS and CTS are turned off and on from alternate ends to control data flow, for instance when a buffer is almost full. DTR and DSR are usually on all the time and, per the RS-232 standard and its successors, are used to signal from each end that the other equipment is actually present and powered-up. However, manufacturers have over the years built many devices that implemented non-standard variations on the standard, for example, printers that use DTR as flow control. Software handshaking is done for example with to control the flow of data. The XON and XOFF characters are sent by the receiver to the sender to control when the sender will send data, that is, these characters go in the opposite direction to the data being sent.
The circuit starts in the 'sending allowed' state. When the receiver's buffers approach capacity, the receiver sends the XOFF character to tell the sender to stop sending data. Later, after the receiver has emptied its buffers, it sends an XON character to tell the sender to resume transmission. It is an example of, where control information is sent over the same channel as its data.
The advantage of hardware handshaking is that it can be extremely fast; it doesn't impose any particular meaning such as ASCII on the transferred data; and it is. Its disadvantage is that it requires more hardware and cabling, and these must be compatible at both ends. The advantage of software handshaking is that it can be done with absent or incompatible hardware handshaking circuits and cabling. The disadvantage, common to all in-band control signaling, is that it introduces complexities in ensuring that a) control messages get through even when data messages are blocked, and b) data can never be mistaken for control signals. The former is normally dealt with by the operating system or device driver; the latter normally by ensuring that control codes are ' (such as in the ) or omitted by design (such as in ). If no handshaking is employed, an overrun receiver might simply fail to receive data from the transmitter. Approaches for preventing this include reducing the speed of the connection so that the receiver can always keep up; increasing the size of so it can keep up averaged over a longer time; using delays after time-consuming operations (e.g.
In ) or employing a mechanism to resend data which has been corrupted (e.g. 'Virtual' serial ports [ ]. Main article: A virtual serial port is an emulation of the standard serial port. This port is created by software which enable extra serial ports in an operating system without additional hardware installation (such as, etc.). It is possible to create a large number of virtual serial ports in a PC. The only limitation is the amount of resources, such as operating memory and computing power, needed to emulate many serial ports at the same time. Virtual serial ports emulate all hardware serial port functionality, including, data bits, parity bits, stop bits, etc.
Additionally, they allow controlling the data flow, emulating all signal lines (DTR, DSR, CTS, RTS, DCD, and RI) and customizing pinout. Virtual serial ports are common with and are the standard way of receiving data from Bluetooth-equipped GPS modules. Virtual serial port emulation can be useful in case there is a lack of available physical serial ports or they do not meet the current requirements. For instance, virtual serial ports can share data between several applications from one device connected to a serial port.
Another option is to communicate with any other serial devices via internet or LAN as if they are locally connected to computer (/serial-over-Ethernet technology). Two computers or applications can communicate through an emulated serial port link. Fiskars Telescoping Pruning Stik Manual here. Virtual serial port emulators are available for many operating systems including MacOS, Linux, and various mobile and desktop versions of Microsoft Windows. See also [ ] • • • () • () References [ ].